伦巴第地区紧急医疗服务部门通过基于操作者的采访和机器学习模型检测COVID-19患者
Stefano Spina1,2, Lorenzo Gianquintieri1,3, Francesco Marrazzo1,2
1SOREU, Agenzia Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milano, Italy.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
|September 29, 2023
概括
机器学习模型可以提高紧急医疗服务 (EMS) 使用医院前数据识别COVID-19患者的能力. 这种方法提高了SARS-CoV-2感染患者的早期检测和资源分配.
科学领域:
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 意大利伦巴第地区的区域紧急医疗服务 (EMS) 使用基于运营商的采访来识别COVID-19患者.
- 整合临床和地理空间数据的机器学习 (ML) 模型可能会提高EMS对SARS-CoV-2感染的早期检测.
- 这项研究旨在将ML模型与用于COVID-19患者识别的传统采访方法进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 用医院前数据评估ML模型在预测SARS-CoV-2阳性方面的表现.
- 为了比较ML模型的准确性与COVID-19病例检测的基于运营商的采访.
- 评估ML在指导COVID-19患者的EMS资源分配中的实用性.
主要方法:
- 一项观察性,回顾性队列研究利用了从2020年10月到2021年12月的数据.
- 使用患者数据建立了训练和验证集,包括那些接受了SARS-CoV-2逆转录酶PCR (rtPCR) 测试的人.
- 基于操作者的采访准确性与四个监督的ML模型进行了比较,这些模型预测了在EMS呼叫后7天内rtPCR阳性.
主要成果:
- 基于运营商的采访显示,COVID-19检测的灵敏度为85.5%,特异性为58.7%.
- 性能最好的ML模型在验证集中实现了0.85的AUC,灵敏度为91.4%,特异性为44.2%.
- 对SARS-CoV-2感染的关键预测因素包括接触史,发烧,咳和电话的地理分布.
结论:
- 基于ML的模型显示,有可能改善SARS-CoV-2感染患者的EMS识别.
- 这些模型可以帮助EMS根据患者的风险更有效地分配医院资源.
- 整合ML与医院前数据提供了一个有希望的战略,以加强在流行病期间的应急响应.
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