再接种疫苗后的SARS-CoV-2感染:潜在的观察性社区病例控制研究中的疾病和症状概况
Michela Antonelli1, Rose S Penfold2, Liane Dos Santos Canas1
1School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
The Journal of infection
|September 30, 2023
概括
提升剂COVID-19疫苗可以减少疾病的严重程度和持续时间. 然而,疫苗的有效性在三个月后减弱,增加严重症状和长期COVID的风险.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 提升剂COVID-19疫苗证明了对症状和严重的SARS-CoV-2疾病的有效性.
- 即使在接种了第三剂疫苗后,也会发生突破性感染,因此需要进一步调查疾病特征和风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 描述SARS-CoV-2疾病特征在第三次 (补充) 接种疫苗后.
- 评估疫苗接种个体随时间推移症状性疾病进展的风险.
主要方法:
- 一项前性,基于社区的病例控制研究利用了来自英国成年COVID症状研究应用程序用户报告阳性SARS-CoV-2测试的数据.
- 匹配的病例控制分析比较了接种第三剂疫苗的人与接种两剂疫苗的人,并对共变量进行了调整.
- 后勤回归模型分析了疾病的严重程度,持续时间和症状,按变体 (三角形,奥米克朗) 和接种疫苗以来的时间分层.
主要成果:
- 第三次接种疫苗与较低的长期COVID,住院和严重症状的几率有关,在三角形期间,严重症状的几率较低,在Omicron期间,严重症状的几率较低.
- 虽然大多数症状在增强后减少,但Omicron感染显示上呼吸道症状增加 (打喷,流鼻,喉疼痛,声).
- 在接种疫苗后的三个月内,观察到疫苗有效性下降,严重症状,长期疾病和长期COVID的风险增加.
结论:
- 复发疫苗接种减少了SARS-CoV-2感染的严重程度和持续时间,尽管Omicron变种可能会增加上呼吸道症状.
- 有证据表明,疫苗的有效性在三个月后会减弱,这支持了持续推广疫苗的必要性,尤其是对高风险人群.
- 了解后补充症状概况可以为公共卫生策略提供信息,并鼓励接种疫苗.
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