基于嵌入的术语扩展通过二次使用大型临床现实世界数据集
Amila Kugic1, Bastian Pfeifer1, Stefan Schulz1
1Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|September 30, 2023
概括
这项研究使用并发分析和语言模型来识别医疗术语及其关系. SapBERT 证明了对词汇和非词汇内容的同义词,大名词和下名词的有效提取.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学医学信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录包含大量的非结构化的临床笔记.
- 从这些笔记中提取有意义的医学术语及其关系对于临床研究和决策支持至关重要.
- 现有的方法可能会与临床语言的多样性,包括缩写和缩写作斗争.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种方法来识别医学术语候选者及其语义关系 (同义词,超义词,下义词).
- 在这个提取任务中比较不同语言模型的性能.
- 评估词汇 (例如,缩写) 对术语提取性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 基于日志概率的同时出现分析,对已被删除的ICD-10代码和问题列表条目进行了分析,以确定候选术语 (p<0.01).
- 基于嵌入的最近邻近方法,使用两个语言模型来检索前10名候选人的同义词,超名词和副名词.
- 术语词汇的分析和语言模型之间的术语分类性能比较.
主要成果:
- 同时发生的分析从大量非识别的临床数据中确定了显著的候选术语.
- 最接近邻居的方法成功地检索了候选术语的同义词,大名词和下名词.
- 在处理词汇内容与非词汇内容 (例如,缩写,缩写) 时,没有观察到系统性能的显著差异.
- SapBERT (生物医学实体表示的自我调整训练) 在提取所有类型的术语分类方面表现强.
结论:
- 结合并发分析和语言模型嵌入的强大的方法学可以有效地提取医疗术语及其语义关系.
- SapBERT模型非常适合从临床文本中全面提取医学术语分类.
- 这种方法无论术语是词典还是非词典,都有效,这突出了它对现实世界的临床数据的有用性.
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