女运动员前十字带受伤的女性运动员
Fabio Mancino1, Ayman Gabr1, Ricci Plastow1
1Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK.
The bone & joint journal
|September 30, 2023
概括
由于解剖学,荷尔蒙和环境因素,女性运动员面临较高的前十字带 (ACL) 撕裂风险. 解决这些内在和外在因素对于预防伤害和优化恢复至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 整形外科 整形外科 整形外科
- 生物机械工程 生物机械工程
背景情况:
- 前十字带 (ACL) 撕裂在精英运动员中很普遍,与男性相比,女性的发病率明显高 (高达8倍).
- 虽然研究生物机械和激素因素,但未知因素有助于在ACL损伤风险和结果的性别差异.
- 解剖学变异,荷尔蒙影响 (内源和外源) 和性别特定的环境因素都与女性中ACL损伤率的增加有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查前十字带 (ACL) 损伤风险增加和女性运动员的较差结果的多因素性质.
- 为了确定内在 (解剖学,荷尔蒙,心理) 和外在 (环境,设备) 的因素,有助于女性的ACL损伤.
- 建议优化预防,治疗和康复的策略,为女运动员的ACL伤害.
主要方法:
- 对影响运动员ACL受伤的生物机械,荷尔蒙,解剖学,环境和心理因素的现有文献的审查和综合.
- 分析男性和女性运动员受伤机制和结果的差异.
- 评估干预措施的有效性,如侧向外关节度和量身定制的物理治疗计划.
主要成果:
- 女性表现出明显的伤害机制和解剖学倾向,以及可能增加ACL松的荷尔蒙影响.
- 在女性中,较高的ACL重建失败率与较小的移植直径有关,特别是在年轻的运动员 (<21岁).
- 环境因素,包括设备设计和训练设施的准入,以及心理方面,如害怕再次受伤,显著影响女性运动员.
结论:
- 解决解剖学,荷尔蒙,环境,设备和心理因素的多因素方法对于降低女运动员的ACL受伤风险至关重要.
- 在年轻的精英运动员中进行ACL重建时,应考虑侧侧额外关节透,以改善结果并降低失败率.
- 针对学龄和精英女运动员推量身定制的物理治疗,训练方案和改进的设备/设施,以提高伤害预防和恢复运动.
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