老龄化中的情节性和语义性知觉:一个系统的审查和元分析
Méline Devaluez1, Audrey Mazancieux2, Céline Souchay3
1LPNC, CNRS, UMR 5105, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. meline.devaluez@hotmail.fr.
Scientific reports
|September 30, 2023
概括
年长的成年人表现出保留的语义感知 (FOK),但在情节性FOK中出现缺陷. 这种情节性缺陷与与年龄相关的记忆力下降有关,这表明回忆问题可能解释了这种差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 超认知研究研究 超认知研究
背景情况:
- 超认知,即监控自身认知的能力,表现出与年龄相关的复杂变化.
- 预测未来的记忆检索或知觉感 (FOK) 是一个关键的元认知功能.
- 之前关于衰老和情节性FOK (eFOK) 的研究产生了不一致的结果,与保存的语义FOK (sFOK) 不一样.
研究的目的:
- 为了对情节性FOK (eFOK) 和语义性FOK (sFOK) 进行元认知灵敏度的年龄差异进行元分析.
- 调查与年龄相关的记忆力下降是否解释了eFOK的缺陷.
- 探索观察到的年龄组对元认知敏感性的差异的潜在解释.
主要方法:
- 一项对20项研究的元分析,比较了922名年轻人和966名老年人对eFOK和sFOK的元认知灵敏度.
- 分析了134名年轻人和235名老年人的汇总数据,以检查对eFOK的记忆性能影响.
- 统计分析,计算年龄组之间的记忆性能差异.
主要成果:
- 对于语义FOK (sFOK) 没有发现有意义的整体年龄影响.
- 对偶发性FOK (eFOK) 观察到一个可靠的年龄组差异,有利于年轻人,效果大小中等.
- 老年人的eFOK缺陷部分是由与年龄相关的记忆力下降解释的,记忆力缺陷和测量混的潜在贡献.
结论:
- 虽然关于记忆的语义元认知在衰老中被保留,但情节性元认知呈现下降.
- 与年龄相关的记忆障碍是导致老年人情节性知觉减弱的重要因素.
- 未来的研究应该考虑回忆能力和测量特异性,在检查年龄差异的元认知.
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
142
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
142
01:27Explicit Memories
151
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
151
01:14Autobiographical Memory
5.6K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
5.6K
01:26Aging
72
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
72
01:18Long-Term Memory
191
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
191
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
51
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
51