运动控制和学习的 (认知) 未来
1Faculty Sport Sciences and Personality, Business & Law School, Berlin, Germany.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|October 2, 2023
概括
动态系统理论 (DST) 和符号处理账户 (SPA) 对电机控制提出了不同的观点. 两者都不能完全解释运动技能的修改,这表明其他因素,如情绪支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动控制和学习科学科学
- 认知科学是一种认知科学.
- 体育心理学 体育心理学
背景情况:
- 摩托控制理论,包括动态系统理论 (DST) 和符号处理账户 (SPA),因其兼容性和解释能力而受到争论.
- DST强调了没有心理实体的机械,决定性的解释,考虑到系统的复杂性和环境.
- SPA认为,对身体的抽象表现和任务需求是运动控制的关键.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估DST和SPA在解释运动控制和学习方面的优缺点.
- 认为DST和SPA,以及它们的统一,都不能全面解释运动控制和学习.
- 建议应承认其他因素,如情绪支持和动机指导,它们在增强运动技能的作用.
主要方法:
- 这篇视角文章回顾了现有的理论框架.
- 它分析了DST和SPA的核心原则和局限性.
- 它综合了关于全面了解运动控制和学习的论点.
主要成果:
- 无论是DST还是SPA,或者它们试图统一,都不能为运动控制和学习提供完整的解释.
- DST提供了系统行为的机械,数学描述.
- SPA强调了抽象心理表现在运动控制中的重要性.
结论:
- 对运动控制和学习的全面理解需要考虑除了DST和SPA之外的因素.
- 情绪支持和动机指导可以间接地改善和保持运动技能.
- 专注于个体运动员及其背景的定性研究方法对应用运动学习环境有价值.
相关概念视频
01:18Hierarchy of Motor Control
2.8K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
2.8K
01:21Cognitive Learning
278
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
278
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
4.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.0K
01:20Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
518
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
518
01:11Direct Motor Pathways
2.1K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.1K
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
861
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
861