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相关概念视频

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.8K
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
31.4K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

25.0K
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
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Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System

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复制诱导的DNA二次结构驱动了分叉解和断裂.

Sophie L Williams1, Corella S Casas-Delucchi1, Federica Raguseo2,3

  • 1Genome Replication Lab, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK.

The EMBO journal
|October 2, 2023
PubMed
概括

像G-四复合体 (G4s) 和介质动机 (iMs) 这样的DNA二次结构可以阻止DNA复制. 皮夫1酶能够解决这些结构,防止基因组的不稳定性和复制压力.

关键词:
复制DNA复制DNA复制DNA复制DNA的二次结构是DNA的二次结构.在G-quadruplex和i-Motif中使用.基因组稳定性的基因组稳定性复制压力是复制的压力.

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Role of SNF2L in Replication Fork Stability and Genome Duplication
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Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 在人类基因组中,大量的DNA二次结构,包括G-四重复合体 (G4s) 和间隔动机 (iMs),是普遍存在的.
  • 这些结构起着生理作用,但也会阻碍DNA复制,损害基因组的稳定性.
  • 通过G4s和IMs干扰复制的精确机制仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查G四重复 (G4s) 和间隔动机 (iMs) 如何影响DNA复制.
  • 阐明这些DNA结构引起的复制停止的机制基础.
  • 为了确定参与复制分叉被G4s和IMs所停滞的解决方案的因素.

主要方法:

  • 使用生理学上相关的结构形成序列重建DNA复制.
  • 在固态纳米孔中检测单分子结构.
  • 结构稳定性和形成概率的综合遗传和生物物理特征.
  • 在解决停滞的复制分叉时分析酶活性.

主要成果:

  • 一次G4或IM足以阻止DNA复制.
  • 这些结构在复制过程中形成,通过纳米孔分析检测到.
  • 复制停止是由于合成受损和酶-聚合酶脱而导致的;IMs也会导致新生的DNA断裂.
  • 只有Pif1螺旋酶,而不是Rrm3,Sgs1,Chl1或Hrq1,可以拯救停滞的叉子.

结论:

  • G4s和IMs是内源复制压力的来源,直接抑制DNA复制.
  • 结构稳定性和形成概率是复制分叉停止的关键决定因素.
  • Pif1是解决与复制相关的G4和iM结构的关键酶.