预防老年人疹病毒的疫苗
Juliana de Oliveira Gomes1, Anna Mz Gagliardi1, Brenda Ng Andriolo2
1Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|October 2, 2023
概括
带状疹疫苗,包括活体减弱带状疹疫苗 (LZV) 和复合带状疹疫苗 (RZV),在预防带状疹方面可能至少有效三年. 这两种疫苗都可能导致轻度至中度的全身和局部不良事件.
科学领域:
- 免疫学和传染病的研究
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 疹 (shingles) 是由疹-疹病毒 (VZV) 的重新激活引起的,特别是在老年人中,由于免疫力下降.
- 接种疫苗是防止VZV重新激活和随后带状疹的策略.
研究的目的:
- 评估现有的疹疫苗在预防老年人带状疹方面的有效性和安全性.
- 更新之前关于黄斑疫苗接种的科克伦评论.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 和准RCT的系统审查和元分析.
- 包括涉及健康老年人 (≥60岁) 的研究,比较疫苗 (LZV,RZV) 与安慰剂或无干预.
- 在多个数据库中搜索到2022年10月的相关试验.
主要成果:
- 该审查包括了26项研究,共有90,259名参与者. 适度的证据确定性表明疫苗是有效的.
- 活体减弱疹疫苗 (LZV) 在三年内将带状疹发病率降低了51% (NNTB 50);重组疹疫苗 (RZV) 在3.2年内将发病率降低了92% (NNTB 33).
- 两种疫苗都没有增加严重不良事件或死亡,但与轻度至中度的全身和局部不良事件有关. 此外,RZV的退学率也更高.
结论:
- 无论是LZV (单剂量) 还是RZV (两剂量),都可能在至少三年内有效预防带状疹.
- 目前的数据不支持在初级疫苗接种计划后进行再接种的必要性.
- 这两种疫苗都与轻度至中度的不良事件有关,需要知情的患者咨询.
相关概念视频
Cancer Vaccines
396
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
396
Vaccinations
44.6K
Overview
44.6K
Immunological Memory
652
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
652
Cross-reactivity
31.2K
Overview
31.2K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines
310
Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
310
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
664
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
664


