用分类变量对适度分析进行倾向分数权衡的教程:一个应用程序检查性少数群体成年人中吸烟差异
Beth Ann Griffin1, Megan S Schuler1, Matt Cefalu2
1RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA.
Medical care
|October 2, 2023
概括
本教程展示了使用倾向性得分 (PS) 权重来估计观察性研究中的适度效应. PS权重改善了共变量平衡,可以更可靠地估计诸如性别等因素如何适度的关联,例如性少数群体地位和吸烟.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 社会科学研究方法 社会科学研究方法
背景情况:
- 观察性研究经常面临跨治疗组共变异不平衡的挑战,可能会对缓和效应估计产生偏见.
- 调节分析对于理解变量之间的关系在子组之间如何不同至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 提供一个逐步指南和代码 (STATA/R) 用于使用倾向性得分 (PS) 权重在对分类变量进行适度分析.
- 为了说明PS权重的应用,以解决调节者子组内的共同变量失衡.
主要方法:
- 该教程概述了关键步骤:检查共变量重叠,估计在调节器水平内的PS权重,评估权重后的共变量平衡,估计调节效应,并进行灵敏度分析.
- 一个案例研究利用了来自41,832名成年人的数据 (2019年国家药物使用和健康调查),以测试性别作为性少数群体地位和成年吸烟患病率之间的关联的调节者.
主要成果:
- 倾向性得分 (PS) 权重在案例研究中成功地在两个性别组内实现了共变量平衡.
- 按PS加权的分析显示了显著的缓解证据,敏感性分析表明一个性别群体的稳定性,而不是另一个.
结论:
- 在调节者级别内的倾向性得分 (PS) 权重可以有效地将由共变异不平衡引起的偏差降到最低.
- 这种方法提高了观察性研究中估计的调节效应的准确性.
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