在#MeToo运动之后,男女科学合作的趋势
André Zimerman1, Lisa S Rotenstein2, Anupam B Jena3,4,5
1TIMI Study Group, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Journal of general internal medicine
|October 2, 2023
概括
#MeToo运动并没有减少女性和男性在学术研究中的科学合作. 对评论文章的分析显示,作者趋势没有变化,这表明问责制可以与合作并存.
科学领域:
- 生命科学 生命科学
- 学术研究学术研究
- 性别研究是性别研究.
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,#MeToo运动突出了职场骚扰问题.
- 人们担心,这一运动可能会降低高级男性学者与女性合作的意愿.
- 这项研究调查了对学术合作的潜在意外后果.
研究的目的:
- 调查#MeToo是否影响了第一作者女性和最后作者男性之间的合作.
- 分析科学作者在#MeToo运动高峰之后的趋势.
主要方法:
- 追溯观察性研究分析了PubMed.的122,450篇美国评论文章 (2014-2020年).
- 比较了2017年10月之前和之后的第一作者是女性,最后作者是男性的文章比例.
- 对比美国机构与欧洲机构 (对照组) 的作者趋势.
主要成果:
- 在#MeToo运动之后,在美国生命科学领域的第一作者女性和最后作者男性之间的合作中没有明显的变化.
- 在美国,女性第一作者与男性最后作者的比例为37.5%,而当最后一位作者是女性时,这一比例为53.6%.
- 在美国和欧洲#MeToo后,第一作者女性和最后作者男性之间的合作趋势类似.
结论:
- #MeToo运动并没有对生命科学中男女之间的科学作者合作产生负面影响.
- 研究结果表明,解决职场骚扰问题和保持学术合作是可以同时实现的.
- 促进对骚扰的问责制不一定会阻碍科学伙伴关系.
相关概念视频
02:12Relationship Formation
40.1K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
40.1K
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
48
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
48
01:23Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective
119
In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
119
01:17Two-Way ANOVA
2.7K
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
2.7K
02:19The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
6.7K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
6.7K
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.6K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.6K