电子烟:与烟草使用相关疾病作斗争中的盟友或敌人 - - 综合性审查
Hunny Sharma1, Manisha Ruikar1
1Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
概括
电子烟 (EC) 带来健康风险,包括增加心脏事件和对肺部和口腔健康的不良影响. 长期的安全性仍然不确定,尽管它比传统香烟危害更小.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
- 口腔健康 口腔健康
背景情况:
- 电子烟 (e-cigarettes,ECs) 是一种以电池为动的设备,其目的是减少危害,但正成为全球健康问题.
- 人们对含有尼古丁或不含尼古丁的EC产生的健康影响存在担忧,特别是长期使用时.
研究的目的:
- 审查电子烟 (EC) 对人类健康的影响.
- 在长期使用期间评估含尼古丁或不含尼古丁的EC的安全性.
主要方法:
- 随机和非随机临床试验和人类实验室研究的综合性审查.
- 在PubMed,Medline,EMBASE,Web of Science和Google Scholar进行了文学搜索,寻找过去四年的英语文章.
- 在系统地搜索和应用纳入/排除标准后,包括了21篇文章.
主要成果:
- 脑电阻会导致心交感神经活动 (SNA) 和心电图 (ECG) 变化急剧增加,从而增加伴随疾病患者突然死亡的风险.
- 尼古丁和非尼古丁EC都会损害肺功能,并可能导致阻塞性肺部疾病.
- EC可能会通过增加细菌病原性和导致牙周炎而对口腔健康产生负面影响.
- 含有尼古丁的EC可以提供与传统香烟 (TC) 相似或超过的尼古丁水平,造成尼古丁依赖的风险.
结论:
- 虽然EC可能在吸入可燃成分方面比传统香烟 (TC) 危害更小,但它们的长期安全性尚未确定.
- 由于长期研究的稀缺性和相互矛盾的发现,需要进一步研究以确定EC的整体安全概况.
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