一个诚实的小丑揭示了关于欺骗面孔的刻板印象信念
Xingchen Zhou1, Rob Jenkins2, Lei Zhu3
1Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, SH, People's Republic of China.
Scientific reports
|October 3, 2023
概括
复杂的欺骗,当真相被呈现为虚假时,会引起比简单的欺骗更强烈的面部表情. 刻板印象的说谎线索,如目光厌恶,出现在复杂的欺骗中,但不是实际的欺骗.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 欺骗检测研究主要侧重于简单的欺骗 (假的呈现为真).
- 复杂的欺骗 (真假呈现为虚假) 是研究不足的,但揭示了关于欺骗线索的信念.
- 面部表情提供了对欺骗过程中的认知和情感过程的洞察.
研究的目的:
- 调查简单的欺骗,复杂的欺骗和说实话之间的面部行为差异.
- 分析表达方式 (静态,动态非说话,动态说话) 如何影响面部线索.
- 探索刻板印象信念在产生欺骗性的面部表情中的作用.
主要方法:
- 调整了小丑游戏,以创建简单的欺骗,复杂的欺骗和简单的真相条件.
- 在静态,动态非说话和动态说话的演示中记录了自发的面部表情.
- 利用机器学习和面部行动编码系统 (FACS) 来分析面部行为.
主要成果:
- 复杂的欺骗与简单的欺骗和简单的真相相比,显示出更强烈和更持久的面部激活.
- 静态演示显示了比动态演示更强烈的面部动作单元.
- 简单的欺骗表现出无意的"泄露"面部行为,而复杂的欺骗则涉及故意的,刻板印象的线索 (例如,目光厌恶).
结论:
- 面部动作分析可以区分各种欺骗模式.
- 关于欺骗线索的刻板印象信念可以影响实际的欺骗行为.
- 研究结果突出了不同欺骗策略的独特面部特征,以及预先设想的概念对表情的影响.
相关概念视频
02:09Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
179
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
179
01:13Nonconscious Mimicry
4.6K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.6K
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
2.2K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
2.2K
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.7K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.7K
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.2K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.2K