在猪中通过可转移的元素调节三维染色体组织
Yuzhuo Li1, Hairui Fan1,2, Weiyun Qin1,2
1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
Computational and structural biotechnology journal
|October 4, 2023
概括
猪基因组中的可转移元素 (TE) 影响三维 (3D) 染色质组织,特别是在脏组织中. 特定于猪的内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 创建与适应性免疫和染色质结构相关的结合点.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 哺乳动物生物学 哺乳动物生物学
背景情况:
- 猪基因组,像其他哺乳动物一样,包含许多可移植元素 (TE).
- 已知TEs会影响人类和小鼠等物种的三维 (3D) 染色质组织.
- 在猪3D基因组架构中TE的特定作用仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查TE对猪组织3D染色质组织的贡献.
- 专注于脏,这是先天性和适应性免疫的关键器官.
- 为了确定特定的TE家族参与调节染色体结构和功能.
主要方法:
- 在三种猪组织中识别了富含CTCF结合点的TE家族.
- 应用Hi-C技术,在脏组织中分析3D染色质结构.
- 分析TE衍生CTCF结合点与染色质绝缘,TAD边界和循环之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 发现数十个TE家族,包括猪特异性内源逆转录病毒 (ERV),如LTR22_SS,LTR15_SS和LTR16_SSc,具有CTCF结合部位的过度代表性.
- 鉴定出LTR22_SS元素含有CTCF基因,产生与适应性免疫相关的多个结合点.
- 发现TE衍生的CTCF位与染色质绝缘相关,经常重叠TAD边界和在脏组织中的循环.
- 一个特定的LTR22_SS衍生的CTCF部位被观察到,该部位标定了TAD边界,位于脏丰富的化学基因基因XCL1.1.的上游.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了对TEs在调节猪3D染色体组织中的功能作用的首次见解.
- 来自TE的CTCF结合点在塑造猪中的3D基因组架构方面发挥着重要作用.
- 这些发现扩大了对TEs在哺乳动物基因组组织和免疫调节中的功能重要性的理解.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.6K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.6K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.3K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.3K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
23.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.4K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
1.7K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.7K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
7.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.0K
Position-effect Variegation
6.4K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.4K


