美国移民的粮食不安全差异
Nasser Sharareh1, Hilary K Seligman2, Taiwo P Adesoba3
1Department of Population Health Sciences, Spence Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
AJPM focus
|October 4, 2023
概括
移民,特别是非公民,面临着更高的粮食不安全风险. 补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 的使用和较低的收入减少了这些差异,但对于一些移民群体而言,差距仍然存在.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 粮食不安全是一个重大的公共卫生挑战,每年使美国医疗保健系统损失数十亿美元.
- 与美国出生的公民相比,移民人口的粮食不安全率不成比例地高.
- 了解影响移民粮食不安全的因素对于制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同移民身份 (非公民,入籍公民,美国出生的公民) 中粮食不安全的普遍性.
- 检查补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 使用率和收入与贫困比对移民状况和粮食不安全之间的关系的缓解影响.
主要方法:
- 利用2019-2020年国家健康访谈调查的全国代表性数据进行多变量后勤回归分析.
- 独立变量包括移民身份,SNAP使用率,收入与贫困比率和人口因素.
- 调整的几率比率 (AORs) 与95%的置信区间 (CI) 被计算出来,以确定粮食不安全的几率.
主要成果:
- 与美国出生的公民相比,非美国公民在控制其他变量后,粮食不安全的几率高出1.28倍.
- 在归化公民和美国出生的公民之间没有发现任何显著的粮食不安全差异.
- SNAP使用率和收入低于联邦贫困线的200%消除了所有移民群体的差异;然而,非SNAP用户和收入较高的人群的差异再次出现.
结论:
- 使用SNAP似乎可以缓解移民和美国出生的公民之间的粮食不安全差异.
- 在非SNAP用户和收入超过200%联邦贫困水平的移民中仍然存在显著的差异,特别是在非公民中.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索影响这些差异的障碍,如对驱逐出境的恐惧,计划资格不合格以及结构性种族主义.
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