分析负面影响与厌恶动机对认知控制的贡献:一个实验性调查
Qian Yang1, ShuangQing Si1, Gilles Pourtois2
1Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
|October 4, 2023
概括
由惩罚驱动的厌恶动机增强了认知控制和冲突处理,但只有当个人意识到表现和惩罚之间的偶然性时. 这一发现澄清了意识在惩罚驱动的认知改善中的作用.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 惩罚是一种强大的动机,诱导厌恶状态和负面影响.
- 以前的研究表明,惩罚可以提高认知控制,特别是冲突处理.
- 这种改善的确切驱动因素 - - 厌恶动机与负面影响相比 - - 由于方法上的局限性,仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 解开厌恶动机和对认知控制的负面影响的影响.
- 调查惩罚是否可以独立地改善冲突处理,或者通过诱导负面影响来改善冲突处理.
- 检查惩罚应急意识在调节认知控制中的作用.
主要方法:
- 两个实验使用了一个混最小化的Stroop任务与一个因数设计操纵惩罚和反偶然性.
- 参与者 (Exp 1中的N=50,Exp 2中的N=47) 受到不同的惩罚和应急条件.
- 实验2还评估了对反意外情况的主观意识.
主要成果:
- 两项实验都证实,负面影响在惩罚和绩效相关反时增加.
- 在实验1中,当惩罚和意外存在而没有意识时,冲突处理没有得到改善.
- 在实验2中,当惩罚取决于表现,参与者意识到这种联系时,冲突处理显著改善.
结论:
- 厌恶的动机,特别是惩罚,可以增强认知控制和冲突处理.
- 这种改善取决于个体对绩效-惩罚联系的认识.
- 意识调解了惩罚对认知控制的有益影响,突出了动机-认知相互作用的关键因素.
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