人类多能干细胞衍生的内耳器官回顾了 in vitro 的耳部发育
Daniela Doda1,2, Sara Alonso Jimenez1,2, Hubert Rehrauer2,3
1Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland.
Development (Cambridge, England)
|October 4, 2023
概括
人体内耳器官 (IEO) 提供了一种研究早期发育的新方法. 这项研究将IEO与人类胚胎进行比较,验证IEO对内耳生物学和疾病的理解.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
- 视觉发展的发展
背景情况:
- 由于对胚胎样本的获取有限,研究早期人类内耳发育是具有挑战性的.
- 诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 可以分化为内耳有机体 (IEO),以模拟发育.
- 经过验证的IEO可以作为了解眼睛差异化和发育缺陷的宝贵工具.
研究的目的:
- 直接比较人类IEO与早期人类胚胎耳囊和胎儿感官器官.
- 在关键发育阶段描述体外衍生眼膜组织的分子特征.
- 验证IEO对研究人类内耳发育和疾病的有用性.
主要方法:
- 对IEO和人类胚胎/胎儿组织进行多重复合免疫染色.
- 单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 来对IEOs进行分析.
- 对基因表达和蛋白质定位标记物的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 描述了三个发育阶段的IEO,揭示了眼斑块,上皮,神经母细胞和感觉上皮的独特分子特征.
- 评估了IEO中的关键标记表达和局部化,并与人类胚胎中的同等阶段进行了比较.
- 数据表明,目前的协议成功地在IEO中指定了真诚的眼皮组织.
结论:
- 人类IEO准确地回顾了早期内耳发育的关键方面.
- 经过验证的IEO模型为研究内耳生物学提供了一个强大的平台.
- IEO具有显著的潜力,用于模拟内耳发育缺陷,并为疾病研究提供信息.
相关概念视频
01:22Hair Cells
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
01:13The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
01:11The Auditory Ossicles
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
01:16Anatomy of the Ear
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...