超越居住:基于流动性的方法,以改善对人类暴露于环境危害的评估
Zhewei Liu1, Chenyue Liu1, Ali Mostafavi1
1UrbanResilience.AI Lab, Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|October 4, 2023
概括
标准的环境评估错过了家庭以外的暴露. 这项研究引入了基于流动性的指数,揭示了人类的流动显著增加了环境危害的暴露,特别是对弱势群体.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 传统的环境危害暴露评估主要集中在住宅地点.
- 这种方法忽略了来自家庭附近以外的活动的暴露,导致低估了整体人口的危险暴露.
- 现有的方法无法捕捉到人类运动的动态性质及其对环境正义的影响.
研究的目的:
- 提出并验证一种基于流动性的新型指数,用于评估环境危害的暴露.
- 用大规模的人类流动性数据量化人口在高环境危险地区的停留时间.
- 探索人类的流动性如何影响环境危害的范围,并创造潜在的暴露.
主要方法:
- 利用大规模的人类流动数据,分析美国239个县的高环境危险地区的人口居住时间.
- 对三个不同的环境危害的量化暴露.
- 开发了一个基于流动性的指数,以评估整体危险暴露,考虑住宅和非住宅地点.
主要成果:
- 忽视人类的流动性可能导致超过10%的低估环境危害暴露.
- 确定了"环境危险陷",这是由于空间聚类和人类运动的相互作用造成的.
- 揭示了贫困和少数民族居民对多种环境危害的不成比例暴露.
- 数以百万计的人在高暴露区域中经历了5-10%的日常活动,即使他们生活在被认为是安全的地区.
结论:
- 人类的流动性大大扩大了环境危害暴露范围,超出了住宅区.
- 基于流动性的评估对于准确了解环境不公正和健康差异至关重要.
- 调查结果强调需要有针对性的政策来解决隐性暴露和减轻环境不公正,特别是对弱势群体.
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