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尼罗河鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 的营养编程:低饮食蛋白质对生长和肠道微生物组和转录组的影响

Courtney A Deck¹, Scott A Salger^1,2, Hannah M Reynolds¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.

|October 4, 2023

概括

限制尼罗河鱼 (O. niloticus) 的蛋白质饮食长达14天,可以提高生长和料效率. 较长的蛋白质限制期会对鱼类的生长,生存和肠道健康产生负面影响.

科学领域:

水产养殖是水产养殖的一种方式.
鱼类营养鱼类营养
营养编程营养编程

背景情况:

营养编程,即早期营养对以后的生活产生影响,在鱼类中还没有得到充分的研究.
鱼水产养殖在全球范围内具有重要意义,但高料蛋白成本会影响利能力.
优化料蛋白质含量对于可持续和成本效益的水产养殖至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究早期蛋白质限制对尼罗河鱼生长,肠道微生物群和肠道基因表达的影响.
为了确定蛋白质限制的最佳持续时间,以改善水产养殖成果.
评估不同蛋白质饮食对鱼生理学的长期影响.

主要方法:

尼罗河鱼被养起始 (ST) 饮食,25%的限制蛋白质或48%的控制蛋白质7-21天.
然后,Fry被切换到由25%或38%蛋白质组成的GO饮食,持续56天.
分析了生长,料效率,肠道微生物多样性 (α和β),以及肠道转录组.

主要成果:

与对照组相比,14天的蛋白质限制 (25%ST饮食) 随后的38%GO饮食显著改善了长度,重量和料效率.
延长蛋白质限制 (21天) 导致生长和存活率显著降低.
肠道微生物多样性显示变化很小,但随着蛋白质的限制,物种丰富性增加;转录组分析显示,随着长时间的限制,有害的变化.

结论:

在尼罗河鱼中,长达14天的早期蛋白质限制可以提高生长和料效率,而不会产生不良肠道影响.
超过14天的蛋白质限制是有害的,导致生长,生存和肠道基因表达的减少.
这些发现为优化鱼料配方提供了战略,以降低成本并提高水产养殖的可持续性.

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