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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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婴儿时期百日咳疫苗接种与儿童喘之间的关联:一个基于人口的记录链接队列研究
Gladymar Pérez Chacón1,2, Parveen Fathima1,3, Mark Jones3
1Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
PloS one
|October 4, 2023
概括
在婴儿期给予的全细胞 pertussis (wP) 疫苗没有显示出对儿童喘住院治疗的保护作用. 这项大型研究发现,wP和非细胞性百日咳 (aP) 疫苗接种者之间喘风险没有显著差异.
科学领域:
- 儿科过敏和免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 喘是一种常见的儿童非传染性疾病,通常与亚托皮性疾病同时发生.
- 之前的研究表明,与非细胞性百日咳 (aP) 疫苗相比,全细胞性百日咳 (wP) 疫苗可能会降低IgE介导的食物过敏风险.
- 这导致了这样的假设,即wP疫苗接种可以预防童年无氧喘.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿早期全细胞 pertussis (wP) 疫苗接种与儿童时期亚托皮性喘风险之间的潜在保护性关联.
- 为了比较接受wP与aP疫苗作为第一剂 pertussis疫苗的儿童的喘住院率.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性记录链接队列研究包括澳大利亚1997年至1999年间出生的超过274,000名儿童.
- 儿童接受了wP或aP疫苗作为其主要的百日咳免疫接种.
- 喘住院 (第一次和复发) 是主要结果,使用考克斯和安德森和吉尔模型来计算危险比率 (HR) 来分析.
主要成果:
- 这项研究分析了274,405名儿童,记录了5,905例喘住院病例.
- 第一次喘住院的发病率在wP (1.5/1000儿童年) 和aP (1.5/1000儿童年) 疫苗组之间是相似的.
- 调整后的HRs没有显著差异:首次住院的1.02 (95% CI 0.94-1.12) 和重复住院的1.07 (95% CI 0.95-1.2) wP与aP.
结论:
- 没有令人信服的临床证据支持婴儿早期wP疫苗接种与儿童喘医院呈现减少之间的关联.
- 这些发现不支持wP疫苗在儿童时期对亚托皮性喘的保护作用.
- 可能需要进一步的研究来探索不同类型的百日咳疫苗对其他潜在的长期影响.
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