小组必不可少:胸部放射学分类器概括患者,设置和病理学小组中的差距
Monish Ahluwalia1, Mohamed Abdalla1, James Sanayei1
1From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (M. Ahluwalia); Faculty of Medicine (M. Ahluwalia, J.S.), Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (M. Ahluwalia), Department of Computer Science (M. Abdalla, L.S.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (B.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada (M. Abdalla, B.F.); Institute for Better Health (M. Abdalla, A.A., B.F.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (A.A., B.F.), Trillium Health Partners, 100 Queensway West, Clinical Administrative Building, 6th Floor, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5B 1B8; Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (J.S.); Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (L.S.K.); and Techie Maestro, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (M.H.).
在一个大数据集上测试了四个深度学习胸部X-ray分类器. 患者,环境和病理学子组之间的表现有显著差异,突出显示了在AI实施中需要进行子组分析的必要性.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 放射学 信息学 信息学
背景情况:
- 深度学习分类器越来越多地用于胸部放射图解读.
- 对各种现实数据集的外部验证对于评估可概括性至关重要.
- 亚组分析对于识别人工智能算法的性能差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了外部评估四个胸部X光学分类器的性能.
- 根据患者,环境和病理因素进行强有力的子组分析.
- 评估AI在放射学中的现实应用性和潜在偏见.
主要方法:
- 追溯分析了197,540名成年人前后胸部放射和报告 (2016-2020年).
- 使用经过验证的开源自然语言处理工具生成的基础真理标签.
- 性能指标 (准确性,敏感性,特异性等) 计算为整体数据集和子组.
主要成果:
- 分类器达到68%-77%的准确度,64%-75%的灵敏度和82%-94%的特异性.
- 单独发现,年轻患者 (<40岁) 和急诊室病例的敏感性降低.
- 对于带有支持器件的正常放射图,发现特异性降低;性别和祖先影响了表现.
结论:
- 胸部放射学分类器的性能受患者,环境和病理学变量的影响.
- 小组分析对于为人工智能实施提供信息和确保公平表现至关重要.
- 持续监测是必要的,以保持AI辅助放射学的质量,安全和公平.
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