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基于HSV-1的菌性病毒免疫疗法的生物安全性和生物危险性考虑
Elizabeth Robilotti1, Nathalie C Zeitouni2, Marlana Orloff3
1Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States.
Frontiers in molecular biosciences
|October 5, 2023
概括
瘤病毒 (OV) 是创新的癌症疗法. 更新的OV免疫疗法生物安全指南,如Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC),可以减少治疗障碍,并改善患者获得这些拯救生命的治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 瘤治疗性病毒疗法
- 癌症免疫疗法癌症免疫疗法
- 病毒瘤学 病毒瘤学
背景情况:
- 瘤病毒 (OVs) 是工程或自然发生的病毒,可以选择性地感染和杀死癌细胞,同时刺激抗瘤免疫反应.
- 塔利莫基因拉赫帕雷普韦克 (T-VEC) 是美国FDA唯一批准的瘤病毒,主要用于治疗黑色素瘤.
- 许多临床试验已经探索了针对各种癌症的OV免疫疗法,其中许多基于1型简单疹病毒 (HSV-1) 的修饰病毒.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关型病毒 (OV) 免疫疗法的生物安全协议的现有数据和临床经验.
- 为OV疗法实施生物安全协议提出框架和关键考虑,重点是T-VEC.
- 解决和减少与不同医疗机构的OV免疫疗法管理相关的后勤障碍.
主要方法:
- 对包括T-VEC在内的OV免疫疗法的现有数据的全面审查.
- 对生物安全实践的临床经验和专家意见的分析.
- 对T-VEC的脱落和生物分布数据的评估,以评估传播风险.
主要成果:
- 尽管对瘤选择性和安全性进行了修改,但基于HSV-1的OV经常面临类似于野生类型病毒的严格生物安全指南.
- 现有数据,包括T-VEC脱落和生物分布研究,表明感染性有限,传染给医疗工作者和密切接触者的风险低.
- 由于治疗中心的感知风险和后勤挑战,OV免疫疗法的持续障碍仍然存在.
结论:
- 更新和基于证据的生物安全指南对于促进OV免疫疗法的更广泛采用至关重要.
- 简化生物安全协议可以克服后勤障碍,确保患者更广泛地获得T-VEC和其他OV剂.
- 教育计划和全面的信息可以提高医疗保健提供者的信心,并支持在各种临床环境中实施OV免疫疗法.
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