微塑料的海洋排放
Daniel B Shaw1, Qi Li2, Janine K Nunes1,3
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
PNAS nexus
|October 5, 2023
概括
海洋微塑料的排放量被量化,揭示喷气滴从破裂的气泡是关键. 全球模型估计海洋每年排放的微塑料,但表面度带来不确定性.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 微塑料是海洋生态系统中普遍存在的污染物,由于人类活动,其度不断增加.
- 由泡破裂产生的海雾是已知的将海洋物质输送到大气中的途径.
- 通过海洋喷雾量化微塑料的运输对于了解全球微塑料预算至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过泡破裂从海洋中机械地研究和量化微塑料的排放.
- 开发基于物理过程和环境因素的微塑料排放全球模型.
- 评估微塑料对海洋环境中的大气传输的贡献.
主要方法:
- 研究了泡破裂和喷射滴形成的物理,以确定微塑料喷射效率.
- 开发了一个全球排放模型,包括泡清理,破裂动态,风,海洋状态和微塑料度.
- 利用各种微塑料度图来估计排放范围.
主要成果:
- 证明喷气滴有效地发射高达特定直径的微塑料,主导质量喷射.
- 全球每年微塑料排放量估计在0.02至7.4兆之间,最佳估计为0.1兆.
- 确定海洋表面微塑料度和大小分布的不确定性对排放估计产生重大影响.
结论:
- 泡破裂是微塑料从海洋转移到大气中的重要机制.
- 开发的模型减少了微塑料喷射物理中的不确定性.
- 需要进一步研究海洋表面微塑料的特性,以完善全球排放计算.
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