相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 14, 2025

06:47
Experimental Analysis of Apoptotic Thymocyte Engulfment by Macrophages
Published on: May 24, 2019
7.2K
细胞中的不同细菌载荷驱动着不同的巨细胞表型
Ana Carolina Guerta Salina1,2,3, Letícia de Aquino Penteado1,2, Naiara Naiana Dejani4
1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death
|October 5, 2023
概括
巨细胞对受感染的亡细胞的细胞增生会影响免疫反应. 不同的细菌病原体,如Streptococcus pneumoniae和Klebsiella pneumoniae,诱导明显的巨细胞两极分化,影响感染解决和组织修复.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 病原体与宿主之间的相互作用
背景情况:
- 清除死细胞的功效细胞化对于解决感染和维持组织平衡至关重要.
- 巨细胞表现出可塑性,根据环境线索采用炎症性 (M1) 或抗炎性 (M2) 现型.
- 虽然非受感染的亡细胞的亡细胞促进M2极化和组织修复,但感染的亡细胞的效果仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究受感染的亡细胞对巨细胞激活概况的影响.
- 为了比较Gram-阳性 (Streptococcus pneumoniae) 和Gram-阴性 (Klebsiella pneumoniae) 细胞对巨细胞分极的不同效应.
主要方法:
- 在体外和体内研究涉及巨细胞培养和过敏喘模型.
- 分析受感染的细胞的细胞分裂后的基因表达和细胞因子概况.
- 使用Streptococcus pneumoniae-AC (Sp-AC) 和Klebsiella pneumoniae-AC (Kp-AC) 进行细胞化实验.
主要成果:
- Kp-AC的效细胞化诱导了一种主要的M1巨细胞表型.
- Sp-AC的效细胞化导致混合的M1/M2巨细胞激活.
- 根据受感染的细胞类型观察到不同的基因表达模式和细胞因子签名.
结论:
- 细胞内病原体的性质显著影响着巨细胞的两极分化.
- 格拉姆阴性细菌的亡细胞的效细胞化有利于M1反应,而格拉姆阳性细菌的亡细胞则诱导混合的M1/M2反应.
- 病原体类型和细胞中的抗原负荷对巨细胞两极分化有不同的影响,影响免疫结果.
相关概念视频
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K
Apoptosis
11.6K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
11.6K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.4K
Autophagic Cell Death
3.4K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.4K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.4K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.4K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.6K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K

