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Updated: May 10, 2026

Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
10:55

Comprehensive Assessment of Germline Chemical Toxicity Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: February 22, 2015

凯诺哈比迪斯虫通过调节转录水平来弥补性别之间的X染色体剂量差异

B J Meyer, L P Casson

    Cell
    |December 26, 1986
    PubMed
    概括

    在C. elegans中,基因剂量补偿使两性之间的X链基因表达相等. 在dpy-21,dpy-27或dpy-28中发生的突变会破坏这一过程,导致基因过度表达.

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    相关概念视频

    X-linked Traits01:19

    X-linked Traits

    In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
    X-Inactivation01:58

    X-Inactivation

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    X and Y Chromosomes02:32

    X and Y Chromosomes

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    The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

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    In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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    Dosage Compensation02:50

    Dosage Compensation

    In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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    X-inactivation01:58

    X-inactivation

    The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.