神经网络方法在早期诊断抑郁症
Darya Astafeva1, Arseny Gayduk, Giuseppe Tavormina
1(International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, 78 Nagornaya Street, 443016 Samara, Russia, dashasumburova@gmail.com.
Psychiatria Danubina
|October 6, 2023
概括
深度学习和神经网络为诊断抑郁症提供了客观的方法,超越了主观的尺度. 研究表明,通过分析各种数据类型的AI模型,在早期抑郁症检测中可以实现高准确度.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 机器学习用于医疗保健
背景情况:
- 抑郁症影响全球2.8亿人,目前的诊断依赖于主观心理测量尺度.
- 深度学习提供了一个更客观的方法来量化抑郁症的严重程度,并使早期诊断成为可能.
- 传统的抑郁症评估方法受到患者和临床医生的固有主观性的限制.
研究的目的:
- 研究神经网络用于早期诊断抑郁症的应用.
- 探索对抑郁症严重程度评估的客观,AI驱动的方法.
- 审查目前对抑郁症诊断中人工智能的研究.
主要方法:
- 在Medline (PubMed) 进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2023年6月1日,使用术语"抑郁症和诊断和人工智能".
- 该审查特别关注使用神经网络用于抑郁症诊断或查的研究.
- 选择了54篇相关论文,涵盖了各种数据模式和人工智能技术.
主要成果:
- 面部表情分析 (14篇论文) 和EEG信号 (14篇论文) 是神经网络分析的最常见的数据类型.
- 其他方法包括fMRI (5篇论文),音频语音分析 (5篇论文),多模式方法 (6篇论文) 和文本分析 (2篇论文).
- 深度学习模型,特别是卷积神经网络 (CNN),在不同数据类型中诊断抑郁症时表现出高准确度 (78-99%).
结论:
- 神经网络,包括CNN和循环神经网络 (RNN),是分析各种数据源 (面部表情,EEG,fMRI,音频,文本) 以诊断抑郁症的有效工具.
- 结合各种数据特征的多模式方法在抑郁症检测中显示出有希望的高准确性.
- 人工智能驱动的方法,特别是深度学习,为早期抑郁症诊断和严重程度评估提供了传统主观尺度的强大而客观的替代方案.
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