乌和葡萄:增加臭氧暴露会影响郊区环境中的普通鱼的水果消费
Andrea Viviano1,2, Emiliano Mori1,3, Jacopo Manzini1,2
1CNR-IRET, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
Pest management science
|October 6, 2023
概括
臭氧度升高阻止了欧亚乌食用葡萄,更高的臭氧水平导致消费量显著减少. 当臭氧水平降低时,葡萄的消费恢复正常,这表明臭氧水平有所降低.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 欧亚松鼠 (Pica pica) 是适应性的杂食动物,在各种环境中发现,包括农田和城市地区.
- 臭氧 (O3) 是一种大气污染物,可以影响植物生理学,并可能影响野生动物的相互作用.
- 鸟类食用葡萄是农业害虫管理和人类与野生动物冲突的一个因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同臭氧 (O3) 度对欧亚乌葡萄消费的影响.
- 为了确定臭氧是否能起到威作用,阻止鸟类在葡萄藤上食.
- 评估臭氧水平在郊区环境中减轻人类与野生动物冲突的潜力.
主要方法:
- 在一个没有臭氧的空气受控暴露 (FACE) 设施使用盆栽的Vitis vinifera植物进行了实地实验.
- 应用了三个臭氧 (O3) 度水平:环境空气 (AA),1.5×AA和2.0×AA.
- 摄像机陷监测了鸟类3个月的葡萄消费量,记录每小时的通行量和果消费率.
主要成果:
- 欧亚乌是观察到的唯一葡萄消费者,在臭氧处理过程中的访问频率没有差异.
- 葡萄的消费率随着臭氧度的增加显著下降:AA>1.5×AA>2.0×AA.
- 在3天后,消耗量为94% (AA),53% (1.5×AA) 和22% (2.0×AA);当臭氧被关闭时,消耗量正常化.
结论:
- 臭氧度升高可能会阻止乌食用葡萄,作为驱逐剂.
- 臭氧受影响的果中较低的糖含量不会影响臭氧水平恢复到环境水平后的消费.
- 臭氧管理可能为缓解涉及农业和郊区鸟类害虫的人类野生动物冲突提供一种新的策略.
相关概念视频
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.7K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.7K
Optimal Foraging
12.1K
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
12.1K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.6K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.6K
Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.4K


