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北极大西洋海的杂交与20世纪的气候变化相吻合

Oliver Kersten¹, Bastiaan Star¹, Anders K Krabberød²

¹Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Science advances

|October 6, 2023

概括

北极的变暖正在推动大西洋海的快速杂交. 基因组分析揭示了亚种之间最近的混合,突出了北极种群中遗传多样性的显著丧失.

科学领域:

*生态学和进化生物学
* 基因组学和生物信息学

背景情况:

*北极地区的变暖速度比任何其他地区都要快,导致物种范围的变化,并增加了杂交潜力.
* 对近期北极物种杂交的基因组证据仍然很少.
* 大西洋海 (Fratercula arctica) 呈现出适应高北极 (F. a. naumanni) 和温带 (F. a. arctica) 环境的独特亚种.

研究的目的:

* 为了研究最近在挪威Bjørnøya发现的杂交鸟种群的基因组起源.
* 确定大西洋子子种之间的杂交时间和驱动因素.
* 评估北极和温带海豚群体随时间变化的遗传多样性.

主要方法:

*当代和历史的大西洋海标本 (122岁) 的全基因组测序.
*比较基因组分析以确定混合模式和遗传多样性.
* 遗传学分析以重建人口历史和差异.

主要成果:

* F. a. naumanni * 和 * F. a. arctica * 之间的杂交大约在六代以前开始.
* 杂交是由高北极亚种F. a. naumanni*向南扩展的范围驱动的.
*在北极和温带地区的海豚群体中观察到遗传多样性的显著时间损失.

结论:

*基因组数据证实了北极大西洋海最近的杂交,这与气候引起的范围变化有关.
*这些发现为20世纪对北极生物多样性的影响提供了关键证据,包括范围的变化和遗传多样性丧失.
*这项研究强调了北极物种对快速环境变化的脆弱性.

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