美国儿童的基本运动技能有没有改变?
Zezhao Chen1, Weimo Zhu2, Dale A Ulrich3
1Beijing Sport University.
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|October 6, 2023
概括
美国儿童儿童.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 获得运动技能 获得运动技能
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 基本运动技能 (FMS) 对儿童的身体活动和健康至关重要.
- 随着时间的推移跟踪FMS发展对于了解人口层面的趋势至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明FMS水平有所不同,但长期的国家趋势需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 分析1985年至2019年间美国儿童基本运动技能 (FMS) 的变化.
- 在这个时间框架内,识别不同年龄组的FMS趋势.
- 调查FMS和人口因素之间的潜在关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了四个国家数据集,包括三项总动力发育测试 (TGMD) 规范性研究 (TGMD-1,TGMD-2,TGMD-3) 和2012年NHANES国家青年健康调查 (NNYFS-2012).
- 通过将TGMD-2/NNYFS和TGMD-3项目与TGMD-1标准进行比较,排除不匹配项目的标准化数据.
- 使用科恩的D效应大小 (ES) 来量化FMS的年差异.
主要成果:
- 从1985年至2000年,FMS在3至7岁儿童中增加了 (90%的增长),但在8至10岁儿童中保持稳定.
- 在2000年至2019年期间,FMS在3-5岁儿童中略有下降 (22%的下降),在6-10岁儿童中显著下降 (80%的下降).
- 身体质量指数 (BMI) 正常的儿童表现出FMS得分最高,尽管FMS下降的直接原因仍未确定.
结论:
- 美国儿童的FMS在1985年至2019年之间显示出整体波动模式.
- 从2000年到2019年,FMS的显著下降发生在年幼的儿童 (6-10岁) 中.
- 建议进行进一步的纵向研究,包括与FMS相关的变量,以更好地理解这些趋势.
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