人类牛奶的生物活性成分和儿童在前2年的生长和身体组成:系统性审查
Meredith Merilee Brockway1, Allison I Daniel2, Sarah M Reyes3
1Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|October 6, 2023
概括
关于母乳 (HM) 生物活性和婴儿生长的研究由于数据不一致而无法得出结论. 未来的研究需要标准化的方法来了解HM成分如何影响婴儿发育.
科学领域:
- 人母奶的成分 人母奶的成分
- 婴儿的成长和发展.
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 人类母乳 (HM) 含有重要的营养素和影响婴儿发育的生物活性因素.
- 了解HM成分对婴儿生长的具体影响对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 现有的研究是分散的,有不同的方法和报告标准.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关母乳成分和婴儿人类学证据,直到两岁.
- 根据报告的HM微量营养素,宏量营养素或生物活性成分来对研究进行分类.
- 确定当前关于HM生物活性和婴儿生长的研究中的差距和局限性.
主要方法:
- 从1980年到2022年,在主要数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane,Scopus,Web of Science) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括来自9992个选摘要的141篇文章,重点是按期出生的婴儿.
- 根据HM成分对研究进行分类 (微量营养素,巨量营养素,像荷尔蒙一样的生物活性物质,HMO,免疫调节因子).
主要成果:
- 69项研究中的75篇文章报告了9980个二中生物活性物质;研究设计和数据收集有显著的异质性.
- 激素 (叶素,阿迪波内克丁) 与婴儿生长有混合的关联;对于个人人类牛奶寡糖化物 (HMO) 没有一致的联系.
- 介质素-6 (IL-6) 与婴儿生长有反向关系;整体研究质量低,排除了元分析.
结论:
- 目前关于母乳生物活性成分及其对婴儿生长的影响的研究在很大程度上是不确定的和不足的.
- 研究方法,牛奶采集和结果报告中的重大不一致性阻碍了最终的结论.
- 未来的研究需要标准化方法,综合组件分析和系统生物学视角来阐明HM在婴儿发育中的作用.
相关概念视频
Hormones and Bone Tissue
2.7K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
2.7K
Development of Immunocompetence
331
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
331
Anatomy of the Intestines
72.2K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
72.2K
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors
1.4K
Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
1.4K
Nature and Nurture
20.5K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.5K
Bioavailability: Overview
2.9K
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
2.9K


