基因树异质性的地基因学预测者 解释植物地理和进化历史:亚马逊鸟类 (Thamnophilus aethiops) 的案例研究
Lukas J Musher1,2, Glaucia Del-Rio3,4, Rafael S Marcondes5,6
1Department of Ornithology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
Systematic biology
|October 7, 2023
概括
基因组架构影响了进化史. 较小的染色体显示基因流动和二次接触,而较大的染色体显示分歧和隔离. 这种地基因组学的洞察力有助于对物种的理解.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物地理学 生物地理学 生物地理学
- 人类遗传学 是一个学科.
背景情况:
- 基因组结构,包括染色体大小和重组率,影响了诸如选择,漂移,重组和基因流动等进化过程.
- 在亚马逊,河流系统创造了动态障碍,导致了复杂的人口分歧模式和像鸟Thamnophilus aethiops这样的物种的基因流.
- 了解基因组景观如何反映历史生物地理事件对于准确的基因组学推断至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查基因组架构是否可以在亚马逊鸟中告知生物地理和遗传学推断.
- 解开Thamnophilus aethiops种群的进化历史与马德拉河流域的动态进化关系.
- 为了确定一个主要的河流捕获事件是否形成了网状基因组信号和人口分歧.
主要方法:
- 减少的代表性基因组数据被用来估计染色体水平的基因组.
- 训练了一个卷积神经网络来分类多样化模型和估计人口参数.
- 差异和内向水平被建模为染色体长度的函数.
主要成果:
- 恢复了两个主要的基因组拓:T1,与人口分歧一致 (Z染色体占主导地位),和T2,与二次接触时的基因流动一致 (在较小的染色体上更频繁).
- 最适合的人口模型支持T1,包括非姐妹种群之间的基因流动.
- 较小的染色体表现出更高的基因流动,更有可能支持T2,而较大的染色体,特别是Z染色体,表现出更低的内进,并支持T1.
结论:
- 基因组架构在塑造进化历史方面发挥着重要作用,不同的基因组区域揭示了不同的,互补的历史过程.
- T1可能代表河流之间的分歧,而T2反映了障碍物丧失后的二次接触,由外部生物地理和内在基因组过程驱动.
- 未来的植物地理研究应该纳入基因组架构,以更好地了解生物多样化的地基因组机制.
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