17个月时学会将人工语言概括而不是细分,可以预测孩子3年后的语言技能
Padraic Monaghan1, Seamus Donnelly2, Katie Alcock1
1Lancaster University, UK.
Cognitive psychology
|October 7, 2023
概括
幼儿早期的语言学习预测了后来的词汇和语法技能. 17个月的人工语言概括与54个月时改善的自然语言能力相关.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 儿童早期的语言发展是复杂的,受到各种因素的影响.
- 了解语言学习的预测标记对于早期干预和教育策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定17个月学习人工语言是否预测了54个月的自然语言技能.
- 调查人工语言细分与概括对后来的语言能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 17个月龄的儿童接触到一种人工语言,其依赖性不相邻.
- 通过测量人工语言结构的细分和概括的任务来评估学习.
- 在54个月时,儿童完成了自然语言词汇和语法标准化测试.
主要成果:
- 17个月的人工语言通用化显著预测了54个月的复合语言能力 (词汇和语法).
- 17个月的人工语言细分不能预测54个月的语言能力.
- 一个结构方程模型证实了概括和后来的语言技能之间的预测关系.
结论:
- 学习人工语言语法,特别是概括,可以作为早期自然语言发展的有价值的预测指标.
- 人工语言学习任务,特别是评估语法规则获取的任务,为语言发展背后的机制提供了洞察力.
- 这些发现突出了人工语言范式的潜力,揭示了幼儿语言学习的认知基础.
更多相关视频
08:05Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
Published on: June 30, 2020
7.6K
07:31Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
Published on: February 8, 2019
6.6K
相关概念视频
Language Development
391
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
391
Language and Cognition
359
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
359
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
895
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
895
The Nativist Approach
79
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
79
Components of Language
300
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
300
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction
589
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
589
