跨代环境条件对意大利棕色瑞士瑞士的遗传参数的影响
V Landi1, A Maggiolino1, J Hidalgo2
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
Journal of dairy science
|October 8, 2023
概括
孕期意大利棕色瑞士牛的热应激显著影响牛奶产量和质量特征. 母亲和直接遗传参数与温度湿度指数 (THI) 不同,这表明选择耐热动物的潜力.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学和动物繁殖
- 环境压力生理学生理学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
背景情况:
- 牲畜的热应激 (HS),特别是在诸如晚期妊娠等关键时期,对动物的生产力和福利构成重大挑战.
- 了解耐热压力的遗传基础对于可持续的奶牛养殖至关重要,尤其是在面临温度上升的地区.
- 之前的研究已经探讨了热应激效应,但需要对意大利棕色瑞士牛不同热负荷下的直接和母性遗传参数进行详细分析.
研究的目的:
- 调查孕期晚期产妇热应激对直接和产妇乳生产和质量特征遗传参数的影响.
- 确定温度湿度指数 (THI) 值,以确定热应激对这些遗传参数的影响.
- 通过环境相互作用的基因型评估选择耐热意大利棕色瑞士牛的潜力.
主要方法:
- 利用了90,558个牛奶生产和质量记录的数据集,来自617个牛群中的12,072只意大利棕色瑞士奶牛.
- 使用气候数据计算了孕期最后56天的每日平均THI.
- 采用了一种随机回归模型,将THI的莱根德多项式纳入其中,考虑热负荷的动物和母体效应.
主要成果:
- 牛奶特征的直接遗传率从THI 60增加到65,然后下降,而母性遗传率一直很低,直到THI 65,并在极端THI时略有增加.
- 对于HS的发病,确定了60的较低THI值;在THI65和70之间观察到最佳的选择效率.
- 牛奶,脂肪和蛋白质含量的遗传相关性保持稳定,直到THI>75,而产量相关性早些时候下降;母体成分相关性接近零,蛋白质含量在中间THI时具有负值.
结论:
- 孕期晚期的热应激会影响意大利棕色瑞士牛乳特征的直接和母性遗传参数,根据THI水平产生不同的影响.
- 该研究将THI 60确定为HS发病的关键值,并建议THI范围为65-70以提高选择性效率,尽管变异性增加.
- 通过环境相互作用观察到的基因型支持选择耐热动物的理论可能性,需要在未来的育种计划中仔细考虑遗传相关性.
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