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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Toxicity Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Cell Culture and in Drosophila melanogaster
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Toxicity Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Cell Culture and in Drosophila melanogaster

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增强对发育和生殖毒性知识:一种新的AOP源于谷氨酸耗尽的AOP

Alun Myden1, Susanne A Stalford1, Adrian Fowkes1

  • 1Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom.

Current research in toxicology
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
概括

综合测试和评估方法 (IATA) 使用不良结果途径 (AOP) 取代动物试验. 这项研究通过识别和填补知识差距,改进化学品安全评估来增强发育和生殖毒性 (DART) AOP网络.

关键词:
负面结果的途径.葡萄糖氨酸 (Glutathione) 是一种男性生育毒性 毒性对男性生育能力的影响结构活动关系结构.

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Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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