短期和长期经验依赖的神经可塑性在并发语音的感知学习期间相互作用
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|October 9, 2023
概括
音乐家和非音乐家都很快地学会了语音,但是音乐家的决策速度更快. 大脑皮层中的听觉可塑性,而不是大脑干,通过短期和长期机制之间的相互作用驱动这种学习.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 神经可塑性 神经可塑性
背景情况:
- 听觉体验塑造了大脑的可塑性和声音感知.
- 语音处理过程中长期可塑性对短期可塑性的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查短期和长期神经可塑性的神经机制,以听觉感知学习并发语音的声音.
- 将音乐家和非音乐家进行比较,以了解先前听觉经验的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用高密度脑电图 (EEG) 在语音训练期间记录神经活动.
- 分析了用于皮层处理的频率跟踪响应 (FFR) 和用于皮层处理的事件相关潜能 (ERP).
- 检查了音乐家和非音乐家的行为表现 (决策速度) 和学习的神经相关性.
主要成果:
- 两组人都表现出快速的感知学习,音乐家们表现出更快的行为决策.
- 在脑干FFR中没有观察到与学习相关的显著变化.
- 皮质ERP显示出明显的半球不对称性,表明音乐家 (右半球偏差) 和非音乐家 (左半球偏差) 之间的神经战略不同.
- 来源重建局部化学习诱导的可塑性到听觉感官皮质区域在150-200 ms.
结论:
- 语音学习依赖于短期和长期听觉可塑性机制之间的相互作用.
- 皮质可塑性,特别是在听觉感官区域,对于快速的语音学习至关重要.
- 音乐能力为整个领域带来好处,影响听觉学习的神经策略.
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