幼儿教育语言环境:研究和实践的考虑
Jennifer Finders1, Ella Wilson2, Robert Duncan2
1Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Frontiers in psychology
|October 9, 2023
概括
支持早期的语言和识字对儿童发展和平等至关重要. 这篇简报回顾了评估早期教育语言环境的策略,以提高质量和结果.
科学领域:
- 幼儿教育 儿童早期教育
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 人权 人权 人权 人权 人权.
背景情况:
- 早期的语言和识字技能是认知,行为和社会情感发展的基础.
- 联合国教育,科学和文化组织 (教科文组织) 承认早期语言发展是全球人权问题.
- 在早期学习环境中促进语言学习对于儿童的整体发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查促进语言发展的经验证据.
- 描述有效的语言环境评估的特征.
- 概述将语言评估纳入早期教育的考虑因素.
主要方法:
- 关于语言发展研究的文献综述.
- 语言环境评估工具的特征分析.
- 讨论评估整合的实际和哲学障碍.
主要成果:
- 有证据支持增强语言学习的特定经验.
- 语言环境评估已经确定了对质量改善至关重要的特征.
- 在早期教育中广泛采用这些评估存在障碍.
结论:
- 评估幼儿语言环境是提高教育质量和成果的关键.
- 解决障碍可以促进语言评估的整合.
- 改善语言环境有可能促进幼儿教育中的公平.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
391
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
391
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
321
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
321
01:27Language and Cognition
359
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
359
01:21The Nativist Approach
79
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
79
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
65
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
65
01:20Gene-Environment Interactions
337
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
337