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适应变化:探索逆向移民作为孟加拉国内部移民应对策略
Avijit Saha1, Arpita Dutta1, Minhazur Rahman Rezvi2
1Department of Development Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
Heliyon
|October 9, 2023
概括
在孟加拉国,COVID-19大流行导致逆向移民,主要影响准备不足的非正式工人. 这导致严重的失业和粮食不安全,女性移民面临更大的困难.
科学领域:
- 社会经济学 社会经济学
- 移民研究 移民研究
- 灾害管理 灾害管理
背景情况:
- COVID-19大流行严重扰乱了包括孟加拉国在内的全球经济和劳动力市场.
- 由于个人失去收入并返回农村地区,内部"逆向迁移"显著增加.
- 了解返回者应对机制对于有效支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了探索和综合COVID-19诱导的移民模式变化.
- 分析基于准备和资源调动的返回者的应对策略.
- 为了确定内部反向迁移的性别影响.
主要方法:
- 在孟加拉国兰普尔 (Rangpur) 采用混合方法的研究方法.
- 数据收集包括调查 (84),焦点小组讨论 (12),深入采访 (6),关键信息人采访 (2) 和观察.
- 使用NVivo软件进行描述性统计和主题分析.
主要成果:
- 疫情主要导致非正规部门的工人由于准备不足和资源有限而返回家园.
- 大多数回国者经历了严重的失业,由于缺乏资产,阻碍了新的企业.
- 粮食不安全普遍存在,价格上加剧了这一现象.
- 内部逆向移民表现出性别性质,不成比例地影响女性移民.
结论:
- 低准备和资源动员是COVID-19诱导逆向移民的关键因素.
- 返回者面临着重大的社会经济挑战,包括失业和粮食不安全.
- 按性别分类的分析显示,女性移民更容易受到逆向移民的不利影响.
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