高空训练对运动员有氧能力的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Baoxia Chen1, Zhusheng Wu2, Xia Huang2
1School of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Heliyon
|October 9, 2023
概括
高空训练提高了运动员的有氧能力,增加了最大的氧气吸收和血红蛋白水平. "Hi-Lo"方法,涉及高海拔生活和低海拔训练三周,似乎是最有效的提高运动表现.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 运动员和教练越来越多地采用高度训练.
- 优化高度训练协议对于最大限度地提高效益至关重要.
- 了解对有氧能力的影响对于提高表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估海拔训练对运动员有氧能力的影响.
- 确定最佳的高度训练方法,以提高有氧能力.
- 通过元分析综合现有研究.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (Web of Science,SpringerLink,Science Direct,EBSCO,PubMed) 和手动参考检查中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 从1979年到2020年9月发表的研究包括在内,如果它们报告了运动员在高空训练前和后的血红蛋白水平和最大氧气摄入量,或与对照组比较高空训练.
- 数据提取侧重于人口,干预,比较,结果和研究设计. 进行了元分析,使用Review Manager 5.3进行了偏差评估.
主要成果:
- 该元分析包括17篇出版物,揭示高空训练显著增加了最大氧气吸收 (SMD = 0.67,P < 0.001) 和血红蛋白水平 (SMD = 0.50,P = 0.013) 与较低海拔训练相比.
- 敏感性和偏差分析证实了结果的稳定性和可靠性.
- 亚组分析表明",Hi-Lo" (高海拔生活和低海拔训练) 方案,大约在2500米的三周内,在有氧能力方面取得了卓越的改善.
结论:
- 高空训练有效地提高了运动员的有氧能力,最大氧气吸收和血红蛋白水平的改善证明了这一点.
- "Hi-Lo"训练方法,特别是在2500米左右的三周周期,显示了最显著的好处.
- 建议进一步进行高质量的研究,以验证和扩展这些发现,为运动员训练策略提供基于证据的指导.
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