基于世界观的科学性质的哲学策略:单个电子的量子干扰
Jun-Young Oh1, Yeon-A Son2, Sang-Kil Han3
1Institute for Integrated Science Education, Dankook University, P.O. BOX 16890, Jukjeon, Republic of Korea.
Heliyon
|October 9, 2023
概括
这项研究建议在科学教育中改变学生的世界观,强调形而上学信仰与认识论信仰一起. 这种方法对于理解像量子力学这样的现代科学概念至关重要.
科学领域:
- 科学教育科学教育教育.
- 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
- 量子物理学 量子物理学 是一种量子物理学.
背景情况:
- 当前的科学教育往往忽视了形而上学信仰在塑造学生理解中的基本作用.
- 形而上学的信仰,关于诸如宇宙秩序或混乱之类的概念,影响认识论观点和科学解释的接受.
- 以前的教育策略主要集中在认识论信仰上,忽视了它们的形而上学基础.
研究的目的:
- 为学生的世界观转变为当代科学范式 (例如,达尔文,量子力学,爱因斯坦) 提出一个战略.
- 强调形而上学信仰在科学教育中的关键作用,与认识论信仰一起.
- 将形而上学信仰的理解融入到自然科学教育中.
主要方法:
- 专注于科学教育中的形而上学和认识论信仰之间的相互作用.
- 利用单个电子的双裂纹实验作为教学工具来说明范式的转变.
- 将抽象的量子力学概念连接到更容易掌握的,感官图像.
主要成果:
- 该研究认为,改变形而上学的信仰是采用现代科学世界观的基础.
- 双实验是从古典物理到量子物理的转变的一个强有力的例子.
- 解决形而上学的信仰可以促进对抽象量子力学原理的接受.
结论:
- 对自然科学教育的全面方法必须包括形而上学和认识论的信念.
- 改变世界观需要解决基础的形而上学假设,而不仅仅是知识是如何获得的.
- 拟议的战略旨在促进对当代科学的更深入,更准确的理解.
相关概念视频
02:32The de Broglie Wavelength
25.9K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
25.9K
02:12The Wave Nature of Light
49.2K
The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
49.2K
02:45The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
42.4K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
42.4K
04:08The Uncertainty Principle
23.4K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
23.4K
02:18The Bohr Model
54.7K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
54.7K
01:18Electron Orbital Model
67.9K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
67.9K