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提高运动表现的心理干预的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Gustaf Reinebo1, Sven Alfonsson2, Markus Jansson-Fröjmark2
1Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden. gustaf.reinebo@ki.se.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|October 9, 2023
概括
技能训练,正念和图像等心理干预措施对运动员来说显示出适度的性能益处. 然而,当仅考虑可靠的研究时,这些效应是不稳定的,这凸显了需要更严格的研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动心理学 运动心理学
- 绩效提升 提高绩效的方法
- 基于证据的干预措施
背景情况:
- 心理干预在体育中被广泛使用,以提高运动员的表现.
- 尽管进行了广泛的研究,这些干预措施对运动表现的实际影响仍然不确定.
- 为了澄清这些影响,进行了系统审查和元分析.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析各种心理干预对竞争运动员表现的影响.
- 综合111项符合条件的研究的发现,使用多层次元分析框架.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Web of Science,SPORTDiscus) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括研究与小组设计和区域到精英运动员的定量绩效结果.
- 评估了偏差风险和干预特征,随后使用可靠的统计方法进行了元分析.
主要成果:
- 三个元分析表明,对心理技能培训 (g=0.83),基于正念和接受的方法 (g=0.67) 和图像 (g=0.75) 的适度积极影响.
- 与对照组相比,观察到这些显著的影响.
- 敏感性分析删除了非随机试验和主观结果,使得效应无意义,质疑其稳定性.
结论:
- 最初观察到的心理技能训练,正念和想象力的温和效应并不强大.
- 进一步的高质量研究,特别是随机对照试验,对于验证这些干预措施的有效性至关重要.
- 改善报告标准和开放的数据共享是未来体育心理学研究的建议.
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