聊天GPT生成的差异诊断列表复杂的病例衍生临床小贴士:诊断准确性评估
Takanobu Hirosawa1, Ren Kawamura1, Yukinori Harada1
1Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
JMIR medical informatics
|October 9, 2023
概括
像ChatGPT-4这样的人工智能聊天机器人对复杂的医疗病例显示出有希望的诊断准确性,在80%以上的顶级列表中产生正确的诊断. 这表明人工智能可以成为一般内科医生的宝贵补充工具.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 人工智能聊天机器人 (包括ChatGPT) 对复杂的临床病例的诊断准确性尚未得到充分证实.
- 一般内科 (GIM) 病例报告提出了独特的诊断挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT-3.5和ChatGPT-4的诊断准确性,用于复杂的临床细节.
- 将人工智能产生的差异诊断与人类医生的差异诊断进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用了PubMed来源的GIM病例报告,来自Dokkyo医学大学医院.
- 使用ChatGPT-3.5和ChatGPT-4生成了前10个差异诊断,并提供了临床细节.
- 将人工智能生成的列表与由三个独立的GIM医生创建的差异诊断进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在前10个差异诊断中,ChatGPT-4的准确率达到83%,而ChatGPT-3.5.5.的准确率为73%.
- 对于前10个差异诊断,ChatGPT-4的准确性 (83%) 与医生的准确性 (75%) 相美.
- 人工智能诊断的准确性没有受到出版日期或开放访问状态的显著影响.
结论:
- 在复杂的GIM病例中,ChatGPT-3.5和ChatGPT-4显示出产生准确差异诊断的潜力.
- 在前10名和前5名列表中,ChatGPT-4的高精度表明它作为医生补充工具的实用性.
- 需要对各种数据集进行进一步的研究,才能充分理解AI在临床决策中的作用.
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