经历逆境后的认知困难与心理健康无关:ABCD研究的发现
Maria Vedechkina1, Joni Holmes1,2
1MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Development and psychopathology
|October 10, 2023
概括
早期的生活逆境影响认知和心理健康. 机器学习确定了与逆境相关的认知差异,揭示了不同的子组,但没有特定的逆境-认知联系,提供了对精神病风险异质性的见解.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
背景情况:
- 早期生活逆境 (ELA) 与影响日常功能的认知和心理健康缺陷有关.
- 了解特定的认知变化及其与ELA精神健康结果的关系对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定患有中度至重度ELA和没有ELA的儿童之间是否存在认知差异.
- 探索不同形式的ELA是否与特定的认知变化有关.
- 研究认知变化,ELA和心理健康结果之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 采用混合机器学习方法,将随机森林分类和等级集群结合起来.
- 分析了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据 (n = 5,955).
- 评估认知措施,包括语言,推理,记忆,冒险,情绪控制和奖励处理.
主要成果:
- 认知测量准确地预测了逆境状态 (67%的准确率,>70%的灵敏度/特异性).
- 在逆境和无逆境组中确定了两个不同的认知子组 (低与高能力).
- 没有发现ELA类型和认知特征之间的特定关联.
- 较差的认知预测未暴露儿童的心理健康较差;然而,暴露儿童的心理健康并没有因认知能力而有所不同.
结论:
- 认知表现可以区分患有和没有ELA的儿童,突出显示认知异质性.
- 虽然ELA与心理健康困难有关,但这种关系是复杂的,不仅仅是由认知能力介导的.
- 这些发现为与早期生命逆境相关的各种精神病风险提供了新的见解.
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