在炎热的环境中进行足球练习会影响后天的水分补充
Candi D Ashley1, Rebecca M Lopez2, Amanda J Tritsch2
1Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|October 10, 2023
概括
足球运动员在炎热的天气中需要始终保持水分. 连续练习,特别是每天两次,会加重脱水,影响运动员的健康和表现. 在会议之间补充液体对于预防热病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 强迫性热病是美式足球中的风险,特别是在炎热环境中的季前赛练习期间.
- 这种人群中,水分状态对后续实践表现和健康的影响尚不清楚.
- 高中足球运动员由于练习强度和环境条件而面临独特的水分挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估尿液水分标记 (尿液颜色和尿液特异性重力) 的准确性,以评估高中足球运动员的体重变化.
- 调查连续的足球实践对热环境中的水分状态的传递效应.
- 为了确定多次日常练习对运动员水分水平的影响.
主要方法:
- 31名高中男足球运动员参加了7场在炎热环境下的户外练习 (湿球球体温度=31.3±1.8°C).
- 每次练习前后测量尿液样本和体重,以评估水分和体重变化.
- 用接收器操作特征 (ROC) 分析来确定尿液颜色 (Ucol) 和尿液特异性重力 (USG) 的灵敏度和特异性.
- 配对样本t测试和重复措施ANOVA评估了实践之间和跨实践的转移效应.
主要成果:
- 尿液颜色和尿液特异性重力在确定体质变化方面没有显著的准确性.
- 在连续练习之间观察到对水分状况的显著转移效应,特别是在不到24小时的练习之间.
- 在每天两次练习后,体重损失的百分比显著增加,这表明累积脱水.
- 脱水效应,通过更高的尿液颜色和体质损失来证明,在以后的训练日,在每天两次练习后,这种效应更加明显.
结论:
- 在这种情况下,尿液水分标记 (尿液颜色,尿液特异性重力) 可能不足以准确评估急性体重变化.
- 连续的做法,特别是每天进行两次的做法,导致累积脱水和增加与热有关的问题的风险.
- 运动员必须优先考虑在练习期间和练习之间持续补充液体,以保持水分和减轻热病风险.
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