在两个密切相关的热带海鸟之间,在食面积的使用和对掠食的敏感性方面存在明显的差异
Annette L Fayet1,2, Cheryl Sanchez3,4, Jennifer Appoo3,5
1Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway. annette.fayet@nina.no.
Oecologia
|October 10, 2023
概括
在热带水域繁殖的密切相关的热带鸟类通过在海上的空间分离实现了利基隔离. 这两种物种的繁殖成功都很低,因为不同的捕食者掠夺了它们的巢穴,影响了它们的种群.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护鸟类 保护鸟类
- 利基区分分区分区分区分
背景情况:
- 生态理论认为,相互竞争的物种必须占据不同的利基,才能共存.
- 海洋顶级捕食者之间的资源竞争和利基区分,特别是在热带水域,仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解这些动态对于面临环境变化的海鸟种群至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究两个密切相关的,相似的海鸟物种的利基分离机制:白尾热带鸟 (Phaethon lepturus) 和红尾热带鸟 (Phaethon rubricauda).
- 探索这些物种中对比的人口趋势的驱动因素.
- 确定热带海鸟群落的保护策略.
主要方法:
- 使用GPS,沉浸式,深度和加速度计记录器跟踪食活动.
- 分析空间分离和在海上寻找食物的行为.
- 使用基于巢的摄像头陷来评估繁殖成功和掠食.
主要成果:
- 白尾和红尾热带鸟在食区的完全空间隔离,尽管在海上表现相似.
- 与白尾热带鸟相比,红尾热带鸟表现出更长的食旅行,并利用不同的食场.
- 两种物种的低繁殖成功归因于高巢捕食,不同的捕食者类型针对每个物种 (红尾的鸟类捕食者,白尾的入侵大鼠).
结论:
- 空间分离是热带环境中这些相似的热带鸟类物种之间的区分的一个关键机制.
- 不同捕食者的高掠食率是这两种物种种数量下降的主要驱动因素.
- 保护工作应包括在殖民地周围大规模的海洋保护和有针对性的保护策略,包括侵袭性老鼠根除.
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