澳大利亚儿科监测单位 (APSU) 2022年年度监测报告
Suzy M Teutsch1, Carlos A Nunez2, Anne Morris2
1The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit;The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. suzy.teutsch@health.nsw.gov.au.
Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)
|October 11, 2023
概括
澳大利亚儿科监测部门在2022年监测了罕见的儿童疾病,并注意到流感的复苏以及人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 和水的潜在疫苗接种缺口. 监测对于先天性细胞巨化病毒 (CMV) 和简单疹病毒 (HSV) 感染至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 澳大利亚儿科监测单位 (APSU) 在监测儿童罕见传染病方面有30年的历史.
- 监测数据对于了解疾病趋势,为公共卫生干预提供信息,并评估疫苗接种计划的有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 报告APSU在2022年进行的13项罕见传染病研究的结果.
- 分析这些罕见的儿科感染的病例数,发病率,人口统计,临床特征,管理和结果.
- 确定趋势和潜在的公共卫生问题,例如疫苗接种覆盖率差距和缓解COVID-19限制的影响.
主要方法:
- 全国对澳大利亚儿童罕见传染病及其并发症的监测.
- 数据收集和分析报告的病例,包括人口统计,临床表现和结果.
- 将2022年的数据与前几年的数据进行比较,以确定疾病发病率的趋势和变化.
主要成果:
- 在COVID-19限制放宽后,流感并发症在2022年重新出现. 急性松性 (AFP) 监测达到目标. 青春期复发性呼吸道乳头炎 (JoRRP) 和新生儿水感染 (NVI) 病例表明潜在的人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 和水疫苗接种缺口.
- 儿童艾滋病毒母婴传播 (MTCT) 仍然很低,但进口病例增加. 由于缺乏疫苗,先天性细胞巨乳病毒 (CMV) 和新生儿简单疹病毒 (HSV) 的发病率保持不变.
- 首次报告登革热,Q热和严重急性肝炎病例,其中包括两个肝炎病因不明的病例.
结论:
- 该APSU在监测罕见的儿童感染方面发挥着至关重要的作用,强调需要持续监测.
- 调查结果表明,在HPV和水疫苗接种覆盖率方面存在潜在的差距,特别是在脆弱人群中.
- 流感的重新出现和先天性CMV和新生儿HSV的持续发病率强调了持续的公共卫生警和管理策略的重要性.
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