扩散的增加解释了随着全球生物多样性下降而增加的本地多样性
Brennen Fagan1,2, Jon W Pitchford2,3, Susan Stepney4
1Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK.
Global change biology
|October 11, 2023
概括
人类活动对生物多样性的影响在各个尺度上不同. 虽然物种引入可以增加当地多样性,但它们可能会减少全球多样性,并导致更强大的,尽管不那么多样化的生态社区.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 生物多样性科学 生物多样性科学
- 社区生态学社区生态学
背景情况:
- 生物多样性下降的叙述往往是简单的,因为不同的生物多样性方面表现出对人类影响的不同反应跨空间尺度.
- 人类引起的生物多样性变化对生态社区的长期影响,如级联灭绝或增强的强度,仍在争论中.
- 机械模型对于理解和协调各种生物多样性变化以及评估社区性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和分析一个以热带结构的,大陆-群岛元社区模型.
- 调查地方的α多样性和区域的gamma多样性是如何受到除和分散率的影响.
- 探索生物多样性变化,社区强度和入侵性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种集群群体的超社区模型,其中包含了热带结构.
- 模型参数有所变化,以模拟不同的除和分散场景.
- 分析了与模型参数相关的本地和区域多样性指标 (alpha,gamma,beta多样性).
主要成果:
- 当地α多样性随着更高的分散和岛屿异质性而增加,而由于生物同质化 (降低β多样性) 导致区域玛多样性下降.
- 人类协助物种转移增加了本地多样性和减少了全球多样性的实证观察结果反映在模型结果中.
- 高分散,高本地多样性社区表现出对后续入侵的抵抗力,形成强大的网络,除非分散率非常高.
结论:
- 生物多样性对人类影响的反应依赖于规模,有可能导致同质化和特有物种的消失.
- 尽管有潜在的物种丧失,但由此产生的生态社区可以表现出对进一步入侵的强度和抵抗力.
- 了解超社区动态是预测生物多样性轨迹和社区稳定的关键,在一个不断变化的世界.
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