阵容大小对目击者决定背后的过程的影响
Nicola Marie Menne1, Kristina Winter2, Raoul Bell2
1Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. nicola.marie.menne@hhu.de.
Scientific reports
|October 11, 2023
概括
较小的目击者队列可以更好地检测罪犯,减少猜测. 较大的队列提供了更多的嫌疑人保护,但不能完全弥补精度下降,影响目击者的决策过程.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 目击者鉴定 调查研究
背景情况:
- 目击者鉴定在法律程序中至关重要.
- 阵容大小是影响识别准确性的关键因素.
- 目击者记忆的现有模型需要进一步细化对阵列参数.
研究的目的:
- 调查队伍规模对目击者识别过程的影响.
- 区分对基于检测与非基于检测的决策的影响.
- 应用两个高值的目击者识别模型.
主要方法:
- 参与者观看不同大小 (2,3人,5人或6人) 的同时或顺序排队.
- 实验操纵了阵容大小,以评估其对识别准确性的影响.
- 两个高值模型指导了检测和猜测过程的分析.
主要成果:
- 在较小的阵列中,与较大的阵列相比,罪祸首被检测得更准确.
- 在较小的阵容中,基于猜测的选择较少.
- 在更大的阵容中增加的猜测并没有完全抵消由于分布在更多个体的嫌疑人保护的好处.
结论:
- 阵容大小在目击者决策中显著改变了检测和非检测过程.
- 较小的排列增加了准确性,减少了非诊断的猜测.
- 这些发现对优化目击者识别程序有意义.
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