认知训练对健康老年人执行功能的有效性:随机对照试验的meta-analysis系统审查
Raphael Lopes Olegário1,2, Sarah Ribeiro Fernandes1, Rui de Moraes1,2
1Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Psychology & health
|October 12, 2023
概括
认知训练对老年人来说显示出混合的结果,改善了抑制控制和工作记忆的某些方面,但没有提高认知灵活性. 需要进一步的研究来了解它的全部影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 执行功能对于日常生活至关重要,往往会随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 认知训练被提出作为一种抵消与年龄相关的认知衰退的方法.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查随机对照试验 (RCT),评估认知训练对健康老年人执行功能的有效性.
- 分析对抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性的影响.
主要方法:
- 31个RCT的系统审查和13个RCT的元分析.
- 结果指标包括Stroop,Go/No-Go,Corsi Block,Digit Span (向前和向后),N-Back,Trail Making - Part B,以及语义流利性的任务.
主要成果:
- 认知训练显著增强了抑制控制 (Stroop任务,p < .001) 和工作记忆 (Corsi Block任务,p = .002).
- 观察到工作记忆的边际改善 (数值跨度 - 前进,p = .06).
- 对于抑制控制 (Go/No-Go任务),工作记忆 (Digit Span - Backward,N-Back任务) 或认知灵活性 (Trail Making - Part B,Semantic Fluency任务) 没有发现显著改善.
结论:
- 认知训练对老年人抑制控制和工作记忆的益处的证据是混合的.
- 在这个人群中,认知训练并没有改善认知灵活性.
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