在 Chiroptera 中抗菌的演变
Francisco X Castellanos1, Diana Moreno-Santillán2, Graham M Hughes3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Frontiers in immunology
|October 12, 2023
概括
由于独特的免疫调节,蝙蝠表现出高的病毒耐受性. 这项研究揭示了抗微生物 (AMP) 的进化动态,特别是防御素和cathelicidins,提供了对蝙蝠宿主-病原体进化的见解.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠是研究宿主-病原体相互作用的特殊模型,因为它们具有很高的病毒耐受性和免疫调节.
- 抗微生物 (AMP) 对于先天免疫至关重要,尽管有大量关于免疫基因进化的报道,但在蝙蝠中仍未得到充分研究.
- 防御素和cathelicidins是关键的AMP家族,在对病原体的宿主防御中起着重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了全面探索蝙蝠中防御蛋白和甲基因家族的多样性,进化和分布.
- 在6个蝙蝠家族中,在这些AMP家族中识别血统特定的基因收益和损失.
- 调查潜在的驱动因素,如饮食和微生物群,影响蝙蝠AMP的演变.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个完整的生物信息管道,将手动和自动化程序结合起来.
- 对主要AMP基因家族的有针对性的分析,特别是防御蛋白 (α和β) 和cathelicidins.
- 在六个不同的蝙蝠家族进行比较基因组学,以评估基因家族的进化和分布.
主要成果:
- 确定了29个AMP家族,其中α-defensins,β-defensins和cathelicidins约占总多样性的10%.
- 在alpha-defensins和三个β-defensin亚家族中观察到基因重复;alpha-defensins在五种物种中明显缺席.
- 凯瑟利西丁显示稳定的基因家族大小,但在特定物种中缺席,例如*Anoura caudifer*和类动物.
结论:
- 饮食和微生物组进化被认为是蝙蝠α和β-defensin基因家族多样化的关键驱动因素.
- 强调需要特定物种的基因组图书馆,以便在非模型生物中进行准确的注释.
- 提供了对蝙蝠AMP进化的基本理解,这对于解释它们独特的病原体耐药性至关重要.
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