聊天机器人人工智能可以替代传染病医生在血液感染的管理? 一个潜在的队列研究研究
Alexis Maillard1, Giulia Micheli1,2, Leila Lefevre1
1Infectious Diseases Stewardship Team, Paris Centre University Hospital, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
概括
像ChatGPT-4这样的人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人提供了详细的响应,但它们对阳性血液培养的医疗管理建议往往不理想或有害,这表明需要在临床实践中对专家医生进行监督.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 集成先进的人工智能聊天机器人,如ChatGPT-4,在临床环境中提出了新的挑战和问题,关于他们的可靠性患者护理.
- 评估人工智能产生的医疗建议的质量和安全性至关重要,特别是在关键场景中,例如管理具有阳性血液培养的患者.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT-4提出的治疗计划的准确性和安全性,用于呈现第一个阳性血液培养的患者.
- 将人工智能产生的治疗策略与传染病 (ID) 顾问推的治疗策略进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项前性研究涉及44名首次阳性血液培养的患者,该研究在四周内进行.
- ChatGPT-4提供了患者数据,以生成全面的管理计划,包括诊断,检查,抗生素治疗和随访.
- 人工智能生成的计划与ID顾问开发的计划进行了比较,独立的ID医生进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 聊天GPT-4在所有情况下都提供了详细的答案,诊断在59%的案例中与顾问相匹配.
- 在80%的病例中,诊断工作是令人满意的,但经验性抗菌疗法仅在64%的病例中充足,在2%的病例中有害.
- 对36%的患者提出了最佳的最终抗生素治疗,对5%的患者提出了有害的建议;总体而言,只有1名患者接受了最佳的治疗计划,而16%的患者接受了有害的建议.
结论:
- 在没有专家医生的意见的情况下,在严重的传染病中使用ChatGPT-4进行医疗建议是危险的.
- 当前的人工智能模型需要大幅改进和严格验证,才能安全地集成到复杂病例的临床决策中.
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