在加拿大卡尔加里为学校接种疫苗的CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract):一个务实的集群试验
Anna Taddio1, Joanne Coldham2, Charlotte Logeman3
1Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Pain
|October 12, 2023
概括
舒适要求放松分散 (CARD) 系统减少了学生在学校免疫接种期间的恐惧. 这种基于证据的方法改善了学生的免疫接种经验,但没有影响疫苗接种率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科医学 儿科医学
- 实施科学 实施科学
背景情况:
- 基于学校的免疫接种可以引起学生的恐惧和焦虑,可能导致疫苗犹.
- 需要基于证据的干预措施,以减轻儿童免疫接种期间的负面经历.
- 舒适要求放松分散 (CARD) 系统是为了解决与疫苗接种相关的恐惧和疼痛而开发的.
研究的目的:
- 评估CARD系统在改善6年级和9年级学生免疫体验方面的有效性.
- 评估CARD系统对学生在学校免疫接种期间报告的恐惧,疼痛和头的影响.
- 在现实学校环境中探索CARD系统的实施方面.
主要方法:
- 在8个社区卫生中心进行了一项务实,混合,有效性-实施,集群试验.
- 来自105所学校的8839名学生被随机分配到CARD系统 (干预) 或常规护理 (控制) 中.
- 收集的数据包括学生对恐惧,疼痛,头的自我报告,以及工作人员记录的程序细节和应对策略.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,CARD组的学生报告了明显较低的恐惧水平 (平均差异 = -0.5,P < 0.001).
- 在减少恐惧方面,CARD系统的有效性在性别和年级层面上是一致的.
- 在CARD和对照组之间没有观察到疼痛或头的显著差异;然而,具体应对策略的使用有所不同.
结论:
- 卡德系统是一个有效的框架,通过减少学龄儿童的恐惧来改善免疫接种经验.
- 该干预措施在社区卫生环境中成功实施,提高了学生在接种疫苗期间的舒适度.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索优化特定的CARD组件以解决其他不良症状,如疼痛和头.
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